Iziduko noBukhosi bamaXhosa: Imbali, uLawulo nokuZazisa ngoBuwena

Kwinkcubeko yamaXhosa, isiduko sidluliselwa ngoyise kumntu omdala, nokuba yindoda okanye ngumfazi.

Oku kwakudibanisa abantu kwiqela le-agnatic, kodwa isiduko sasibanzi ngakumbi kunelo qela losapho lendawo.

Ngamagama eziduko, umntu wayekwazi ukulandelela imvelaphi yakhe ukuya kukhokho othile oyindoda.

Amalungu esiduko esinye ayenokuhlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, elandela iinkokeli neenkosi ezahlukileyo.

Amalungu eziduko ayethathwa njengenzala katatomkhulu omkhulu ofanayo, nangona ubungqina boko babungasoloko buqinisekiswa. Abantu besiduko esinye babengatshatani, yaye umfazi wayegcina isiduko sakhe nasemva komtshato.

Isiduko sasiyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuzazisa: xa abantu abangazani bedibana, babesithi kuqala isiduko sabo ukuze kufunyanwe ubudlelwane boluntu phakathi kwabo.

Kwicala lolawulo, imizi yamaXhosa yayiphantsi kwenkosi yaloo mmandla.

“Indawo Enkulu” yenkosi yayiliziko lentlalo, lolawulo, lomthetho nelomkhosi.

Nangona amandla okwenene ayesoloko ekhoyo kwibhunga lenkosi, inkosi yayisengumfanekiso wobunye nobuzali besizwe.

Yayibiza imisebenzi yoluntu efana nokuzingela, ukuvuna, imfazwe nolwaluko, ehamba nemigaqo yokuzila—ukungatyi nyama, amasi, utywala, icuba, kwanokuzila ngokwesondo.

Amagqirha, abavumisi namaxhwele babengabancedi benkosi: benza imvula ngexesha lembalela, balungise amajoni phambi kwemfazwe, banyange amasimi, bafumane amagqwirha, kwaye banyange izifo.

Iintlawulo zokufa nezohlwayo zokubulala okanye zobugqwirha zazihlawulwa ngeenkomo enkosini. Izikhumba zehlosi nehalf yeendlovu ezifunyenweyo zazisiya kuyo; yona yodwa inelungelo lokunxiba umnweba nomxhaka.

Ngo-1831, iGrahamstown yathumela ngaphandle iimpahla ezixabisa i-£50,000 ngonyaka, kuquka i-£27,000 yezikhumba ne-£3,000 lendlovu ezithengwe kumaXhosa.

Nangona iinkosi ezininzi zazivela kwindlu yobukhosi yamaTshawe, zazisuke zingavumelani kwezopolitiko.

Ngexesha lesifo semiphunga yeenkomo kunye neCattle-Killing ka-1856–1857, abanye baxhasa uSarhili owayesekelwe kwiziprofeto zikaMhlakaza noNongqawuse zokutshabalalisa iinkomo nengqolowa, abanye bala.

Ngokwesiko lomlomo lamaXhosa, uTshawe wathimba ubukhosi kuCirha, nto leyo eyenza indlu encinane kaNkosiyamntu yaba lulawulo oluphambili.

Kamva, ngekhulu le-18, uRharhabe unyana wasekunene kaPhalo wawela uMlambo iKei emva kongquzulwano noGcaleka, waseka ubukhosi eAmabele Hills; apho amaXhosa aseCiskei aziwa njenge-amaRharhabe.